Global Disease Population Statistics

Global hypertension population

adults aged 30–79 · 2024 · estimate

0

• Prevalence33%
• Unaware44% (≈600 million)
• Diagnosed & treated44% (≈630 million)
• Controlled23% (≈320 million)

WHO fact sheet (updated Sept 2025): about 1.4 billion adults aged 30–79 had hypertension in 2024 (650 million in 1990), two-thirds in low- and middle-income countries; 44% are unaware and only 23% are controlled. Country figures (map below) are WHO GHO / NCD-RisC 2019 modelled estimates, defined as SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 mmHg or on medication.

Sources: WHO Fact sheet: Hypertension (2025-09-25) · NCD-RisC, Lancet 2021 (1.28 billion in 2019)

Global ischaemic heart disease population

all-age prevalent cases · 2021 · estimate

0

95% uncertainty interval: 221.4–295.5 million (95% UI)

• Deaths per year9.0 million (8.3–9.5)

GBD 2021 estimate: 254 million people living with ischaemic heart disease in 2021 (+127% since 1990) and about 9 million deaths a year — still the leading cause of death worldwide. GBD does not publish a patient-friendly country prevalence table, so no map here.

Sources: Yang L et al. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2025 (GBD 2021) · IHME GBD CVD 2023 summary

No reliable country data — no map

Global heart failure population

all-age prevalent cases · 2023 · estimate

0

95% uncertainty interval: 49.9–62.2 million (95% UI)

GBD 2023 estimate: about 56 million people with heart failure in 2023 (55.5 million in the GBD 2021 edition); prevalence rises with age and keeps growing in ageing societies. Heart and kidney failure drive each other (cardiorenal syndrome); roughly one in three dialysis patients has heart failure.

Sources: IHME: Global burden of heart failure 1990–2023 (2026)

No reliable country data — no map

Global atrial fibrillation population

AF / atrial flutter, all ages · 2021 · estimate

0

• New cases per year4.48 million
• Deaths per year≈339,000

GBD 2021: 52.55 million people with atrial fibrillation or flutter in 2021, up 137% since 1990 — the most common arrhythmia. Stroke is the main consequence; anticoagulation decisions need extra care when kidney function is reduced.

Sources: Cheng S et al. 2024 (GBD 2021), PMC11287210

No reliable country data — no map

Global diabetes population

adults aged 20–79 · 2024 · estimate

0

• About 1 in 9 adults11.1%
• Projected 2050853 million
• Deaths in 20243.4 million
• Undiagnosed>40%

IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th edition (2025): about 589 million adults aged 20–79 lived with diabetes in 2024 (types 1 and 2), roughly 1 in 9, over 40% undiagnosed; three in four live in low- and middle-income countries. Diabetes is the leading cause of new dialysis in most of the world. Country figures (map) are WHO GHO 2022 estimates for adults 18+.

Sources: IDF Diabetes Atlas, 11th edition (2025) · Magliano DJ et al. The global picture of diabetes (NCBI Bookshelf)

Global obesity population

all ages, BMI-based · 2024 · estimate

0

• Adults with obesity (BMI ≥30)940 million (16%)
• Adults overweight (BMI ≥25)2.6 billion (45%)
• Ages 5–19 with obesity170 million

WHO (updated Oct 2026): in 2024, 1 in 7 people (1.1 billion) lived with obesity; adult obesity has more than doubled since 1990. Obesity is a shared upstream driver of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver and CKD. Country figures (map) are WHO GHO 2024 crude prevalence of adult BMI ≥30; Taiwan and much of Asia define obesity at BMI ≥27, so definitions differ.

Sources: WHO Fact sheet: Obesity and overweight (2026-10-07) · NCD-RisC, Nature 2026

Global chronic hepatitis B population

all ages · 2022 · estimate

0

• New infections 20221.2 million
• HBV+HCV deaths per year1.3 million
• Diagnosed13%
• On treatment3%

WHO Global hepatitis report 2024 (187 countries): 254 million people lived with chronic hepatitis B in 2022, only 13% diagnosed and 3% treated; hepatitis B and C together cause 1.3 million deaths a year — the second deadliest infectious disease after TB. Country counts and prevalence (map) come from WHO GHO hepatitis indicators; countries without data (e.g., China, India) are left blank.

Sources: WHO Global hepatitis report 2024

Global chronic hepatitis C population

all ages · 2022 · estimate

0

• New infections 2022≈1 million
• Diagnosed36%
• Treated (cumulative)20%

WHO 2024 report: 50 million people lived with chronic hepatitis C in 2022; direct-acting antivirals cure over 95% in 8–12 weeks. Taiwan reached the WHO hepatitis C elimination target in 2025, ahead of schedule (MOHW).

Sources: WHO Global hepatitis report 2024 · 衛福部：臺灣提前達成 WHO 消除 C 肝目標（2025）

Global fatty liver (MASLD) prevalence

adults, pooled meta-analysis · 2019 · estimate

38%

• 1990–200625%
• Among people with type 2 diabetes65%
• Children & adolescents7–14%

Systematic reviews by Younossi et al.: pooled adult prevalence of MASLD (formerly NAFLD) rose from 25% (1990–2006) to 38% (2016–2019) — about 1 in 3 adults; around 65% among people with type 2 diabetes. No reliable country registries exist, so no map.

Sources: Younossi ZM et al. 2024, PMC11925440 · Younossi ZM et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024 (T2D 65%)

No reliable country data — no map

Global COPD population

all-age prevalent cases · 2021 · estimate

0

• Deaths in 20233.4 million
• Rank among causes of death#3

GBD 2021: about 213 million people with COPD in 2021; WHO (2026): COPD caused 3.4 million deaths in 2023, about 6% of all deaths — the third leading cause. Smoking and indoor/outdoor air pollution are the main causes; many go undiagnosed until moderate–severe.

Sources: Wang Z et al. Respir Res 2025 (GBD 2021) · WHO Fact sheet: COPD (2026)

No reliable country data — no map

Global asthma population

all-age prevalent cases · 2021 · estimate

0

95% uncertainty interval: 227–298 million (95% UI)

GBD 2021: about 260 million people with asthma in 2021 — the most common chronic disease of childhood; most deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries and are preventable with inhaled corticosteroids.

Sources: IHME: Global burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis 1990–2021

No reliable country data — no map

Global obstructive sleep apnoea population

adults 30–69, moderate–severe (AHI ≥15) · 2019 · estimate

0

95% uncertainty interval: 399–450 million

• Including mild (AHI ≥5)936 million

Benjafield et al. (Lancet Respir Med 2019), extrapolated from 16 countries: about 936 million adults aged 30–69 have OSA, 425 million of them moderate–severe (where treatment is usually recommended); the largest numbers are in China, the USA, Brazil and India.

Sources: Benjafield AV et al. Lancet Respir Med 2019

No reliable country data — no map

Global gout population

all-age prevalent cases · 2020 · estimate

0

95% uncertainty interval: 44.4–69.8 million (95% UI)

• Projected 205095.8 million
• Increase since 1990+150.6%

GBD 2021 (Lancet Rheumatol 2024): 55.8 million people had gout in 2020, projected to reach 95.8 million by 2050; high uric acid and declining kidney function reinforce each other, and most gout drugs need kidney-based dose adjustment.

Sources: GBD 2021 Gout Collaborators, Lancet Rheumatol 2024

No reliable country data — no map

Osteoporosis: lifetime fracture risk

over age 50 · 2024 · estimate

33%

• Women (about 1 in 3)33%
• Men (about 1 in 5)20%

International Osteoporosis Foundation: about 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over 50 will suffer an osteoporotic fracture. There is no unified global registry of osteoporosis "cases" (diagnosis depends on DXA), so fracture risk is shown instead; GBD models low bone mineral density as a risk factor for fall-related burden.

Sources: IOF: Epidemiology of osteoporosis · Hsieh E et al. Lancet Rheumatol 2025 (low BMD burden)

No reliable country data — no map

Global stroke survivor population

all-age prevalent cases · 2021 · estimate

0

95% uncertainty interval: 89.0–99.3 million (95% UI)

• New strokes per year11.9 million (10.7–13.2)
• Deaths per year7.3 million
• Rank among causes of death#3

GBD 2021 (Lancet Neurol 2024) / WSO Fact Sheet 2025: 93.8 million stroke survivors, 11.9 million new strokes and 7.3 million deaths in 2021 — the third leading cause of death and disability; hypertension, high glucose, high BMI, air pollution and smoking are the main risk factors.

Sources: Feigin VL et al. WSO Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025 · WHO Fact sheet: Stroke (2025)

No reliable country data — no map

Global dementia population

all ages · 2021 · estimate

0

• New cases per year≈10 million
• Living in LMICs>60%

WHO fact sheet (2026): 57 million people lived with dementia in 2021 with nearly 10 million new cases a year, over 60% in low- and middle-income countries; hypertension, diabetes, hearing loss and inactivity are modifiable risk factors.

Sources: WHO Fact sheet: Dementia

No reliable country data — no map

Global oral disease population

all ages; caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, oral cancer combined · 2019 · estimate

0

• Untreated caries, permanent teeth2.5 billion
• Severe periodontal disease>1 billion
• Complete tooth loss, 60+≈23%
• Living in LMICs3 in 4

WHO Global Oral Health Status Report 2022 (based on GBD 2019): almost half the world (45%, about 3.5 billion people) live with oral diseases, up by 1 billion over 30 years; untreated caries of permanent teeth affects about 2.5 billion people — the most common health condition worldwide; severe periodontal disease affects over 1 billion; about 23% of people aged 60+ have lost all their teeth. Country figures (map) are 2019 modelled estimates from WHO GHO oral health country profiles; Taiwan is shown from MOHW oral health surveys with different definitions, so not directly comparable.

Sources: WHO Global oral health status report 2022 · WHO Fact sheet: Oral health (2025-03-17)

Global lip and oral cavity cancer

new cases in 2022 · 2022 · estimate

0

• Deaths in 2022188,438
• Rank (lip, mouth, oropharynx combined)#13
• Share of new cases in Asia≈70%

WHO oral health fact sheet (Mar 2025) citing IARC GLOBOCAN 2022: 389,846 new cases and 188,438 deaths from lip and oral cavity cancer in 2022, more common in men and older people; tobacco, alcohol and areca nut (betel quid) are the leading causes. The IARC 2024 estimates (released 2026) give 452,205 cases / 194,108 deaths, about 70% of new cases in Asia. Country figures (map) are IARC 2020 incidence rates as published in WHO GHO oral health profiles. Taiwan: oral cancer (incl. oropharynx and hypopharynx) ranked 6th among new cancers in 2023 (4th in men), median age at diagnosis 60 (MOHW Cancer Registry 2023).

Sources: WHO Fact sheet: Oral health (2025-03-17) · IARC GLOBOCAN 2024: Lip, oral cavity fact sheet