Nipah virus disease - India
- 相關國家／地區
- India
- 首次公告
- 2026-01-30
- 最新公告
- 2026-06-25
- 公告次數
- 2
官方摘要（原文）
On 11 June 2026, the Kerala State Health Department confirmed one laboratory confirmed case of Nipah virus (NiV) infection in Kozhikode district, Kerala State, India.
The case is an adult male who developed symptoms on 30 May 2026 and was hospitalized on 10 June 2026. He presented with neurological manifestations and at the time of reporting is on ventilatory support in an intensive care unit (ICU).
As of 18 June 2026, a total of 104 contacts had been identified and were under monitoring, including health and care workers, with no reported secondary cases to date.
NiV is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through infected animals, or through consumption of fruits or fruit products, such as raw date palm juice contaminated with the saliva, urine, or excreta of infected bats, as well as close contact with infected individuals.
The current event involves a single confirmed case, with no secondary transmission identified to date. Public health measures are in place, including isolation, contact tracing, and enhanced surveillance. However, as the source of infection has not yet been identified and given the known presence of animal reservoirs, additional cases cannot be excluded.
WHO 風險評估（原文）
Nipah virus (NiV) (Henipavirus nipahense) is a rare zoonotic pathogen with a high case fatality rate (40–75%) and no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral treatment. Its natural reservoirs are fruit bats (Pteropus spp.), which are widely distributed across India, South and Southeast Asia, and parts of Oceania. Transmission to humans can occur through direct contact with infected animals, including bats and domestic animals, via contaminated food products such as raw date palm sap, or through close and prolonged contact with infected individuals, particularly in healthcare settings.
Since its first identification in 1998, NiV outbreaks have been reported in Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore. In India, outbreaks have been recurrent but relatively limited in scale, with the highest numbers reported in 2001 (66 cases) and 2018 (18 cases). Over the past five years, approximately a dozen confirmed cases have been reported, all in Kerala State. Kerala has experienced NiV events since 2018 and has established surveillance systems, laboratory capacity, and rapid response mechanisms, including Rapid Response Teams at central and state levels. Ecological conditions, including those in districts such as Kozhikode, support fruit bat populations, facilitating repeated spillover events. Seasonal patterns are observed and locally, April to September is recognized as a Nipah high‑alert period.
The current event involves a single confirmed case with no evidence of secondary transmission as of 23 June 2026. The case has been isolated, and public health measures, including contact tracing, enhanced surveillance, and strengthened infection prevention and control in healthcare settings, have been rapidly implemented. The event appears to be geographically limited, with no evidence of international spread reported.
However, as the source of infection has not yet been identified and given the presence of known animal reservoirs and ongoing seasonal risk, additional cases, including sporadic zoonotic spillover, cannot be excluded.
This event represents the second notification of NiV infection in India in 2026, following the earlier two epidemiologically linked cases reported in West Bengal state in January 2026. There is an ongoing moderate sub-national risk, driven by recurrent zoonotic spillover, limited clinical specificity during the early stages of disease, and the absence of licensed vaccines or specific therapeutics, with potential for transmission among close contacts and in healthcare settings. At the regional and global levels, the risk remains low, given the absence of cross-border or international spread and the geographically contained nature of the outbreak.
公告紀錄
- · 2026-DON609
官方摘要（原文）
On 11 June 2026, the Kerala State Health Department confirmed one laboratory confirmed case of Nipah virus (NiV) infection in Kozhikode district, Kerala State, India.
The case is an adult male who developed symptoms on 30 May 2026 and was hospitalized on 10 June 2026. He presented with neurological manifestations and at the time of reporting is on ventilatory support in an intensive care unit (ICU).
As of 18 June 2026, a total of 104 contacts had been identified and were under monitoring, including health and care workers, with no reported secondary cases to date.
NiV is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through infected animals, or through consumption of fruits or fruit products, such as raw date palm juice contaminated with the saliva, urine, or excreta of infected bats, as well as close contact with infected individuals.
The current event involves a single confirmed case, with no secondary transmission identified to date. Public health measures are in place, including isolation, contact tracing, and enhanced surveillance. However, as the source of infection has not yet been identified and given the known presence of animal reservoirs, additional cases cannot be excluded.
- · 2026-DON593
官方摘要（原文）
On 26 January 2026, the National IHR Focal Point for India notified WHO of two laboratory‑confirmed cases of Nipah virus (NiV) infection in West Bengal State. Both are healthcare workers at the same private hospital in Barasat (North 24 Parganas district). NiV infection was confirmed at the National Institute of Virology in Pune on 13 January. One case remains on mechanical ventilation as of 21 January, the other case experienced severe neurological illness but has since improved.
Authorities have identified and tested over 190 contacts, who all tested negative for NiV with support from a mobile BSL‑3 laboratory deployed by the National Institute of Virology, Pune. No further cases have been detected to date.
This event represents the third NiV infection outbreak reported in West Bengal (previous outbreaks reported in Siliguri in 2001 and Nadia in 2007). Enhanced surveillance and infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are in place while investigations into the source of exposure are ongoing.
NiV infection is a serious but rare zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through infected animals (such as bats), or food contaminated with saliva, urine, and excreta of infected animals. It can also be transmitted directly from person to person through close contact with an infected person. There are currently no licensed medicines or vaccines for NiV infection, however early supportive care can improve survival.
WHO assesses the risk posed by Nipah to be moderate at the sub-national level, and low at the national, the regional and global levels.
