Infographic Cards & 60-sec Scripts · 15 장

교육 인포그래픽 카드와 60초 대본

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YOUR LAB REPORT IN 3 MINUTESWhat does eGFR on my report mean?1eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate: roughly howmuch blood your kidneys filter per minute (mL/min/1.73 m²).2Stages: ≥90 G1 | 60–89 G2 | 45–59 G3a | 30–44 G3b | 15–29G4 | <15 G5.3One low value is not kidney disease. CKD means eGFR <60 formore than 3 months, or evidence of kidney damage such asalbuminuria.4The trend matters more than a single point: a drop of morethan 5 per year is what guidelines call rapid progression.5Look at it together with urine albumin (UACR) — thatcompletes the risk picture.Not sure how to read it? Bring the report to a nephrologist, or plot your trendwith the free eGFR tracker on this site.BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/egfr-in-3-minutesSources: KDIGO 2024 CKD Guideline · Inker LA et al. CKD-EPI 2021 · 2026-10-16Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Your lab report in 3 minutes

What does eGFR on my report mean?

That eGFR number on your health check — what counts as OK? Here it is in 3 minutes.

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KIDNEY DIET5 diet traps in chronic kidneydisease1Salt substitutes and "low-sodium" soy sauce: sodium is oftenreplaced with potassium chloride, which can raise blood potassiumwhen kidneys are weak.2Phosphate additives in processed food: watch for "phosphate" or"phosphoric acid" on the label — absorption is close to 100%, farhigher than natural foods.3Star fruit: contains a neurotoxin; people with reduced kidneyfunction may get intractable hiccups, confusion or seizures, whichcan be fatal.4High-sodium takeaway and pickled food: guidelines advise less than2.3 g sodium a day (about 6 g salt).5Protein powder on your own: non-dialysis CKD stages 3–5 areadvised 0.55–0.6 g/kg/day; dialysis patients actually need more —ask a dietitian first.Limits differ from person to person — follow the targets set by your doctor and renaldietitian. Try the free diet calculator on this site.BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/five-diet-trapsSources: KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update · NKF ·…Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Kidney diet

5 diet traps in chronic kidney disease

Some "healthy" foods are traps for kidney patients — the first one is in many kitchens every day.

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THE KIDNEY'S SECOND NUMBERWhat is urine albumin (UACR) andwhy test it?1UACR = urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. One random urinesample is enough — no 24-hour collection.2Categories: A1 <30 | A2 30–300 | A3 >300 mg/g.3At the same eGFR, higher albuminuria means higher risk ofkidney failure and cardiovascular events — the second axisof the KDIGO risk heat map.4It can be changed: blood pressure and glucose control, andmedicines such as RAS blockers and SGLT2 inhibitors —discuss with your doctor.5If you have diabetes, hypertension or known CKD, guidelinesadvise testing at least yearly — more often at higher risk.Next visit, ask: "Should I have a UACR test?" Log the result in this site'seGFR tracker and watch both trends.BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/uacr-albuminuriaSources: KDIGO 2024 CKD Guideline · 2026-10-16Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

The kidney's second number

What is urine albumin (UACR) and why test it?

A normal eGFR doesn't mean your kidneys are fine — many people have never had the second number, UACR, checked.

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AFTER TRANSPLANTWhy no grapefruit withanti-rejection drugs?1Tacrolimus, cyclosporine, sirolimus and everolimus aremetabolised by the gut enzyme CYP3A4; grapefruit blocks it, soblood levels of the drug rise.2The effect can last 24–72 hours — so spacing it "a few hoursapart" does not help.3Same risk: pomelo and Seville (bitter) orange, includingmarmalade. Regular sweet oranges, lemons and limes are not aproblem.4Ate some by accident? Do not reduce your dose yourself —contact your transplant team; an earlier drug-level test may beneeded.5Also: star fruit is neurotoxic in people with reduced kidneyfunction — avoid it after transplant too.Drugs and doses differ from person to person — ask your transplant team orpharmacist if in doubt.BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/grapefruit-and-transplant-drugsSources: FDA · Bailey DG et al. Grapefruit–medication interactions · 2026-10-16Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

After transplant

Why no grapefruit with anti-rejection drugs?

The most-asked question after a transplant — and the answer is not just "eat it a few hours apart".

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MEDICATION SAFETYPain relief with kidney disease:avoid NSAIDs1Common NSAIDs: ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, mefenamicacid, celecoxib, and aspirin at pain-relief doses. Manycombination cold remedies contain them too.2KDIGO guidance: avoid NSAIDs when eGFR is below 30; noprolonged use when eGFR is below 60.3The "triple whammy": an NSAID plus an ACE inhibitor/ARB plus adiuretic clearly raises the risk of acute kidney injury.4Risk is higher when you are ill and dehydrated (vomiting,diarrhoea, fever) — ask your doctor which medicines to pause onsick days.5For occasional pain, acetaminophen (paracetamol) within therecommended dose is usually the safer choice — but still askfirst; patches and gels are absorbed too.Before buying any painkiller, ask the pharmacist one question: "I have kidneydisease — is this safe for me?"BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/painkillers-and-kidneysSources: KDIGO 2024 CKD Guideline · KDIGO 2012 CKD Guideline · 2026-10-16Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Medication safety

Pain relief with kidney disease: avoid NSAIDs

Headache — grab any painkiller? With kidney disease, check which kind first.

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POTASSIUMHigh potassium: no symptoms, but itcan affect your heartbeat1Potassium leaves the body through the kidneys. As kidney functionfalls it builds up; very high levels disturb heart rhythm, can befatal, and often cause no symptoms.2Common high-potassium sources: banana, kiwi, orange juice,potato, tomato, dried fruit, nuts, chocolate, concentrated juices.3"Salt substitutes" and "low-sodium" soy sauce usually replacesodium with potassium chloride — a hidden high-potassium sourcefor kidney patients.4Cutting vegetables and root crops small, soaking and boiling inplenty of water, then discarding the water removes part of thepotassium; soups, stews and hot-pot broth keep it in the liquid.5There is no one-size-fits-all potassium limit — guidelines sayadjust to your blood level. Some kidney-protective medicines raisepotassium; do not stop them yourself, ask your doctor to adjust.If "K" is high on your report, ask your doctor first: is it diet, medication orconstipation? Don't guess, and don't stop medicines on your own.BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/high-potassiumSources: KDIGO 2024 CKD Guideline · KDOQI Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update · 2026-10-16Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Potassium

High potassium: no symptoms, but it can affect your heartbeat

High potassium usually has no symptoms — by the time you feel it, it is often very high. 5 things every kidney patient should know.

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BLOOD PRESSUREMeasure it wrong and the number is wrong1High blood pressure is both a cause and a consequence of kidney disease;controlling it is one of the most important ways to protect kidneyfunction.2KDIGO 2021 suggests a systolic target below 120 mmHg withstandardized measurement, when tolerated. That target applies only toa correctly taken reading.3How to measure: sit quietly 5 minutes, back supported, feet flat, armat heart level, no smoking/coffee/exercise in the previous 30 minutes,no talking; take two or more readings and average them.4Home readings reflect real life better than clinic readings; measure atfixed times morning and evening and bring the log to your visit.5Sodium under 2 g a day (about 5 g salt). For kidney patients withalbuminuria, guidelines recommend an ACE inhibitor or ARB — don'tstop it yourself because one reading looked normal.Bring your home log to the next visit and ask: "What is my target, and am I measuringcorrectly?"BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/blood-pressure-and-kidneysSources: KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in…Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Blood pressure

Measure it wrong and the number is wrong

Kidney patients have a stricter blood-pressure target than most people — but most of us measure incorrectly at home. 5 things.

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DIABETES & KIDNEYSDiabetes damages kidneys — but nowthere are drugs that help1Diabetes is the leading cause of new dialysis in the US and manyother countries; long-term high glucose damages the kidneyfilters, usually silently at first.2If you have diabetes, guidelines advise checking eGFR and urinealbumin (UACR) at least once a year to catch damage early.3Glucose targets are individual: an HbA1c target anywhere from<6.5% to <8.0% may be appropriate, depending on age, hypoglycaemiarisk and other conditions.4SGLT2 inhibitors: recommended for type 2 diabetes with CKD andeGFR ≥20 — they slow kidney decline and protect the heart.5Metformin can be used at eGFR ≥30 (reduce the dose at 30–44); notadvised below 30. Medicines must be adjusted as kidney functionchanges — ask your doctor to review regularly.With diabetes, ask at your next visit: "Have I had a UACR this year? Am I a candidatefor an SGLT2 inhibitor?"BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/diabetes-and-kidneysSources: KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in CKD · USRDS…Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Diabetes & kidneys

Diabetes damages kidneys — but now there are drugs that help

Diabetes is the leading cause of dialysis in many countries — but the last few years brought medicines that protect the kidneys.

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HEMODIALYSISWhy fluid matters between dialysissessions1When the kidneys can't remove water, extra fluid between sessions staysin the body: swelling, breathlessness, high blood pressure; removingit too fast on dialysis causes cramps and low blood pressure.2Studies link larger interdialytic weight gain to higher cardiovascularmortality. A common unit target is no more than 4% of dry weight (about2–2.5 kg); your own target is set by your dialysis team.3Thirst is mainly driven by salt: the more sodium you eat, the thirstieryou get. Cutting salt works better — and hurts less — than forcingyourself not to drink.4"Fluid" is not just water: soup, congee, ice, jelly, watermelon anddrinks all count; fruit and vegetables contain water too.5Thirst tips: suck a small ice cube or lemon slice, use a small cup, chewsugar-free gum, and pour the day's allowance into one fixed bottle.Your pre-dialysis weight is the best feedback. Ask the nurse: "What is my dry weight, andhow much did I gain this time?"BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/fluid-between-dialysisSources: KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Hemodialysis Adequacy: 2015 Update ·…Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Hemodialysis

Why fluid matters between dialysis sessions

The real cause of thirst isn't water — it's salt. 5 keys to fluid control on dialysis.

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VACCINESVaccines for kidney patients andtransplant recipients: which are OK?1Kidney disease and dialysis weaken immunity, and infection is a leadingcause of hospitalisation; guidelines advise influenza (yearly),pneumococcal, hepatitis B and COVID-19 vaccination.2After transplant, live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated: MMR,varicella, the older live zoster vaccine, yellow fever, nasal-sprayinfluenza.3Inactivated vaccines can and should be given: injectable influenza,pneumococcal, hepatitis B, COVID-19, tetanus — usually starting 3–6months after transplant.4Shingles: the recombinant (non-live) zoster vaccine can be used inimmunocompromised adults; CDC recommends it for immunocompromisedpeople aged ≥19 — ask your transplant team about timing.5Best to complete vaccines before transplant or dialysis (the weaker thekidneys, the weaker the response); vaccinating household members addsanother layer of protection.Bring your vaccination record and ask: "What am I missing, and which ones must I avoid?"BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/vaccines-ckd-transplantSources: Danziger-Isakov L, Kumar D; AST ID Community of Practice. Vaccination of solid…Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Vaccines

Vaccines for kidney patients and transplant recipients: which are OK?

"No vaccines after transplant" is a myth — only live vaccines are off-limits; the rest matter even more.

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ANEMIAWhy kidney patients get anemic — ironfirst, or injections?1The kidneys make erythropoietin (EPO); as function falls, EPO dropsand red cells decline. Definition: hemoglobin <13 g/dL in men, <12 inwomen.2Symptoms: fatigue, breathlessness, feeling cold, dizziness, poorconcentration, fast heartbeat — often dismissed as "just age" or"overwork".3Check iron first: transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin. If ironis low, replace it (oral or IV) — many people improve on iron alone.4Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are not meant to normaliseHb: guidelines advise not deliberately exceeding 11.5 g/dL andavoiding >13, because higher targets raise stroke and clot risk.5Anemia may have another cause: stomach ulcer or bowel bleeding,B12/folate deficiency, inflammation — guidelines say rule these outrather than blaming the kidneys for everything.Ask at your visit: "Is my iron sufficient? What is my Hb target? Should we rule out otherbleeding?"BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/anemia-in-ckdSources: KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in CKD · KDIGO 2024 CKD…Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Anemia

Why kidney patients get anemic — iron first, or injections?

Always tired, breathless on the stairs? Anemia is common in kidney disease, but the order of treatment matters.

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AFTER TRANSPLANTThe most common cancer after transplantis skin cancer1Immunosuppression weakens immune surveillance; skin-cancer risk risessteeply after transplant. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common,with risk 65–250 times the general population (NEJM review).2Ultraviolet light is the main driver: more sun, more years sincetransplant and fairer skin all raise the risk.3Daily protection: broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen applied beforegoing out and every 2 hours; hat, long sleeves, sunglasses; avoidstrong sun between 10 am and 4 pm.4Protect lips and ears too (lip cancer risk also rises); choose a lipbalm with SPF.5KDIGO advises an annual full-skin and lip examination by a qualifiedprofessional. Check yourself monthly: any new spot, or one that grows,changes colour, won't heal or keeps scabbing — see a doctor promptly.Sun protection is something you can do for your new kidney every single day. Ask your team:"How often should I see dermatology?"BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/sun-and-skin-after-transplantSources: KDIGO 2009 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Care of Kidney Transplant…Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

After transplant

The most common cancer after transplant is skin cancer

Anti-rejection drugs sharply raise skin-cancer risk — but it is also the easiest to prevent and to catch early.

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BEFORE YOUR SCANContrast dye? 5 things kidney patientsshould say before the scan1Iodinated contrast (CT, cardiac cath, angiography) can cause acutekidney injury; the lower the eGFR the higher the risk, and eGFR <30 isthe main risk factor.2Tell them first: "I have chronic kidney disease, my eGFR is __", andbring your latest blood results; the doctor will weigh whether the testis necessary or another test can be used.3Prevention (KDIGO): IV fluids before and after, the lowest necessarydose, and no NSAIDs or other kidney-toxic drugs around the time of thescan.4On metformin? Whether to pause and when to restart depends on kidneyfunction and the type of exam — ask beforehand; don't stop or continueon your own.5Gadolinium for MRI: at eGFR <30 some older (group I) agents carry arisk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis; the group II agents nowcommonly used carry very low risk. If urine output falls or you swell orget breathless in the days after, go back.One sentence that protects your kidneys: "I have kidney disease — does this test needcontrast?"BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/contrast-and-kidneysSources: KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury · ACR Manual on…Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Before your scan

Contrast dye? 5 things kidney patients should say before the scan

CT scans and cardiac catheterisation may use contrast — if your kidneys are weak, speak up before the test.

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EXERCISECan kidney patients exercise?Guidelines say: 150 minutes a week1KDIGO 2024 recommends that people with CKD do moderate-intensityphysical activity for at least 150 minutes a week, or to a level theirheart and body can tolerate.2What is "moderate"? You can talk but not sing (the CDC talk test):brisk walking, cycling, swimming and dancing all count.3It doesn't have to be in one go: 20–30 minutes a day, or three 10-minutebouts, all count; simply sitting less has benefits of its own (WHO).4Strength training on 2 or more days a week (resistance bands, squats,lifting water bottles) helps keep muscle — kidney patients lose muscleunusually fast.5Light activity is fine on dialysis days (some units offer cyclingduring dialysis). After transplant the kidney sits in the lower abdomen— ask your team before contact sports. If you have heart disease, highpotassium or unstable blood pressure, check with your doctor first.Start today: a brisk 10-minute walk after a meal is a beginning. Ask your doctor: "Whichtype of exercise suits my condition best?"BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/exercise-with-ckdSources: KDIGO 2024 CKD Guideline · WHO 2020 guidelines on physical activity and…Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

Exercise

Can kidney patients exercise? Guidelines say: 150 minutes a week

"Weak kidneys, more rest" is outdated — KDIGO 2024 explicitly recommends regular physical activity.

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AFTER TRANSPLANTWhy you must never miss ananti-rejection dose1A study of why kidney transplants fail found that about half ofrejection-related losses involved non-adherence — the mostpreventable cause of all.2Anti-rejection drug levels must stay steady: take them at the sametimes every day and keep the timing relative to food consistent (alwaysfasting or always after meals) so levels don't swing.3Never reduce, stop or switch brands on your own; switching brand orformulation (immediate ↔ extended release) requires new drug-levelchecks arranged by your transplant team.4Missed a dose? Don't double up. Rules differ by drug (some can be takenwithin a few hours, otherwise skipped) — ask in advance and write themdown.5On trough-level day, have blood drawn before the morning dose, or thenumber is meaningless. Use a pill organiser, phone alarms and atime-zone converter when travelling.Nobody gets told off for asking "What do I do if I miss a dose?" Ask first, write it down, setthe alarm.BBeyond CKDbeyondckd.com/ko/cards/never-skip-antirejectionSources: Sellarés J et al. Understanding the causes of kidney transplant failure: the…Compiled from public clinical guidelines · General education, not individual medical advice

After transplant

Why you must never miss an anti-rejection dose

Among the reasons a transplanted kidney fails, one is entirely avoidable: not taking the medicines properly.

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